<<PREVIOUS - HOME - CONTENTS - NEXT>>
MESSIER INDEX - NGC INDEX - NAME INDEX

NGC 7331, NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337 & NGC 7340

The above image wah taken with 80-mm refractor with CB245 CCD camera (252 x 242 12-bit pixels). The above image is a 4 x resampling enlargement of center of the NGC 7331 image and rotated 90 degrees. Compare this image's ability to detect faint objects that are shown in the below DSS image. The FOV is 14.18' high by 25.15' wide. Image was taken at home which is located 16.6 miles from the center of Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.

Comparsion with the STScI Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) image which was taken with a 48-inch Oschin Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain. Image photographed on 14-inch square glass plate and then digitized (14,000 x 14,000 15-bit pixels/plate)

Objects Information
NGC: New General Catalog

Located in constellation:
Right ascension in hours:minutes:
Declination in degrees:minutes:
Visual magnitude:
Size: arc minutes

Observing Log
Date September 20, 1998
Time at end of first CCD image 22:41 PDT
Time at end of last CCD image 23:02 PDT
Discription:
CCD image time: Six 240 seconds images added together
Sky transparency: 5.2 (Magnitude of the faintest star visible with the unaided eye in Ursa Minor)
Moon sets at 19:28 PDT on September 20, 1998
Astronomical twilight ends in the evening at 20:51 PDT on September 20, 1998
Astronomical twilight starts in morning at 5:11 PDT on September 21, 1998

Observing Location

On the drive way at home

City: Camas

State: Washington

Country: U.S.A.

Longitude: 122 degrees 23.01 minutes

Latitude: 45 degrees 40.09 minutes

Observing Equipment

CCD observing telescope:

Orion ShortTube™ 80 mm aperture refractor, f/5 focal ratio, 400 mm focal length

Filter used on CCD camera:

Santa Barbara Instrument Group IR filter

CCD camera:

Richard Berry CCD Cookbook CB245 built by David Haworth

Telescope Finder:

Celestron CG-11 schmidt-cassegrain 11" (279 mm) aperture, f/6.3 focal ratio, 1764 mm focal length (using Celestron f/6.3 focal reducer), Tel Vue 35 mm Panoptic eye piece, magnification 50.4

Telescope mount:

Losmandy G-11

Guiding:

None

Polar aligment:

Used the Polar Axis Finderscope in the G-11 telescope mount

CCD Camera Computer:

Compaq LTE Lite/25 386

CB245 Camera Image Configuration

CCD chip:

Texas Instrument TC245

CCD size:

252 horizontal x 242 vertical photosites

Photosite:

25.5 um-wide by 19.7 um-high

Total CCD chip image size:

6.426 mm-wide by 4.7674 mm-high

Photosite resolution with Orion telescope:

13.15" wide by 10.16" high

Photosite width/hight aspect ratio:

1.294 to 1

Image rotation:

The acquired image is rotated 90 degrees to position the north edge of the image at the top of the Web page.

Image resampling:

Image resampled to correct the aspect ratio of the nonsquare photosites to display square pixels. Resampling creates a width/hight aspect ratio 1 to 1 with 187 horizontal x 252 vertical pixels.

Image FOV:

CCD image field of view (FOV) for the above images with the Orion telescope is 55.23' high by 40.98' wide

CB245 Camera Control Software Configuration

CB245 control software: 245Plus by Richard Berry

245Plus image mode: external binning mode

245Plus gamma LUT: on

245Plus dark current reduction: off (no LDC modifications)

245Plus drift subtract: on

245Plus display: VGA mode

245Plus both delays: 10

Imaging Processing Software

Image Calibration

Richard Berry's Multi245 version 40d for averaging 24 dark frames, registering multiple images, and stacking images to create a single calibrated image to be used for image processing. No flat fields were taken.

Image Processing

Richard Berry's CB245 version 60a for using Kunihiko Okano's Digital Development on the calibrated image. Software Bisque CCDSoft CCD Astronomy Software version 4.00.018 for brightness and contrast adjustments, rotating image, resampling to correct aspect ratio, and saving the image as a JPEG file for Web pages. JASC Inc. Paint Shop Pro version 4.12 used for editing star blooming in the image.

© 1998-2003 David Haworth